Commercial ships spend between 4% and 6% of their operating year waiting outside ports. That idle time is one of the clearest inefficiencies in shipping, and a combination of slower sailing speeds and port call optimisation can reduce the emissions and fuel currently wasted as ships await an available berth. Instead of sailing fast only...

New guidance will help governments evaluate marine geoengineering research proposals to ensure they are safe for the environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted new guidance aimed at ensuring marine geoengineering research avoids unacceptable impacts, amid growing interest in climate change mitigation technologies. Marine geoengineering involves methods to increase the ocean’s capacity to absorb...